Two decades back, Market Systems Development (MSD), or Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) as it was called, was mostly confined to income and employment-related projects and focused on agricultural and industrial markets and value chains. However, it is now being applied in a wide range of sectors and systems – health, skills, humanitarian response, climate resilience, financial inclusion, WASH, nutrition, and in a wide range of contexts- fragile markets, conflict-affected territories.